Food Handling

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Issues in Food Handling

 

Background
Wash hands
Prevent cross contamination
Cook foods thoroughly
Store foods properly


Background

Food safety is a growing concern today as public awareness for foodborne illnesses has been raised.   For a full listing of potentially dangerous pathogens see our growing foodborne illnesses page.


Wash hands

Always wash your hands carefully before preparing foods.   For proper cleanliness, use warm soapy water.


Prevent cross contamination

While preparing foods you should keep meats, including poultry and fish, separate from other foods.   Pay particular attention to dripping juices which may contaminate other foods meant to be eaten raw such as lettuce for a salad.

Cutting boards, knives, and other utensils should always be properly disinfected before using them for other foods.  A good recommendation would be to cut first those foods to be eaten raw.


Cook foods thoroughly

There are two foods in particular for which special attention should be paid.   Those are ground meats, pork and poultry (as well as eggs).   Failure to head these precautions can result is serious bouts with E.Coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and other food borne illnesses.

  • Always cook these meats all the way through.   Ground beef should be cooked until its completely brown.   Ground beef has a greater chance of harboring bacteria due to methods by which it is processed.   As a rule of thumb, these meats should be cooked to an internal temperature of 160 degrees.
  • Never eat these meats pink.   Sliced steak is an exception to this rule as the methods for producing steaks are less likely to produce illness than their ground beef counterparts.
  • Cook seafood until it is no longer clear at parts.   At this point it should become slightly flaky.   The consumption of raw shellfish (oysters, clams and mussels) is not at all recommended.   Shellfish poisonings range from cholera, hepatitis A virus, norwalk virus as well as the consumption of neurotoxins from toxic algae and dinoflagellates.  
  • Eggs should be cooked until they no longer run. 

Store foods properly

    • After preparing foods the uneaten portions should be promptly refrigerated.   To illustrate why, consider a single bacterium falling onto your food.    Under ideal laboratory conditions a bacteria may double every twenty minutes, so its not hard to imagine how in 60 minutes, one bacterium could become eight.   After 2 hours it could become 64 and after 6 hours that one bacterium could become as many as 256,000.    Under more real conditions, the burden of exposure would be significantly less, but still probably enough to cause infection.
 

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